• Container out turn surveys.
• Apportionment of blame to shipper or pre-shipment.
• Inherent vice.
• Analysis of temperature charts.
• Analysis of electronic logs for cargo and machinery.
• Cargo temperature increase after generator failure.

Examples of expert witness work carried out:

• Avocados: advanced ripening resulting from inadequate air circulation.
• Apples: loss of value of apples related to pre-shipment treatment.
• Broccoli: loss of quality due to length of storage time.
• Chilled beef: alleged poor temperature control.
• Frozen fish:
  • Identification of causes and duration of loss of temperature control
  • Ice formation and dehydration
  • Defrosting
  • Determination of fish temperatures in containers off power (Censor container temperature simulation software)
• Frozen potato chips: estimation of temperatures with container doors open.
• Kiwifruit: damage due to ventilation rate.
• Pharmaceuticals and blood plasma: alleged damage in temperature. controlled containers in transit and during holding on shore.
• X-ray media: temperature control problems.